Skip to main content

Figurative Language I. A. Richard



I . A. Richard

Ivor Armstrong Richard, known as I. A. Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician whose work contributed to the foundations of the New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory, which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self contained, self-referential aesthetic object.
Richard's intellectual contributions to the establishments of the literary methodology of the New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism, by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism , practical criticism and The Philosophy of Rhetoric.

four kinds of meaning

  1. Sense is what is said, or the 'items' referred to by a writer.
  2. Feeling refers to emotions, emotional attitudes, will, desire, pleasure, displeasure and the rest. When we say something we have a feeling about it, "an attitude towards it, some special direction, bias or accentuation of interest towards it, some personal flavour or coloring of feelings, these nuances of interest.
  3.  Tone is the writer’s attitude to his readers or audience. The use of language is determined by the writer’s ‘recognition’ of his relation to his readers.
  4. Intention is the writer’s aim, which may be conscious or unconscious. It refers to the effect that he tries to produce. This purpose modifies the expression. It controls the emphasis, shapes the arrangement, or draws attention to something of importance.



Suraj Hua MaddhamSonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik,

 ...Suraj Hua Maddham, Chaand Jalne Laga

Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga...

Suraj Hua Maddham, 

Chaand Jalne Laga

Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga...

Main Thehra Raha,

 Zameen Chalne Lagi

Dhadka Yeh Dil, 

Saans Thamne Lagi

Oh, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Ho Oh Oh, Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh,

 Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa

Suraj Hua Maddham,

 Chaand Jalne Laga

Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga

Main Thehri Rahi,

 Zameen Chalne Lagi

Dhadka Yeh Dil, 

Saans Thamne Lagi

Haan, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Hai Khoobsurat Yeh Pal, 

Sab Kuch Raha Hai Badal

Sapne Haqeeqat Mein Jo Dhal Rahe Hai

Kya Sadiyon Se Puraana 

Hai Rishtaa Yeh Hamaara

Ke Jis Tarha Tumse 

Hum Mil Rahe HaiYunhi 

Rahe Har Dam Pyaar Ka Mausam

Yunhi Milo Humse Tum Janam 

JanamMain Thehra Raha, 

Zameen Chalne Lagi

La La La, La La La, La La La

Dhadka Yeh Dil, 

Saans Thamne Lagi

Haan, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Tere Hi Rang Se 

Yun Main To Rangeen Hoon SanamPaake Tujhe Khud Se Hi Kho Rahi Hoon Sanam

O Maahiya, Ve Tere Ishq MeinHaan Doobke Paar Main Ho Rahi Hoon

 SanamSaagar Hua Pyaasa, 

Raat Jagne Lagi

Sholo Ke Dil Mein Bhi Aag Jalne Lagi

Main Thehri Lagi, 

Zameen Chalne Lagi

Dhadka Yeh Dil,

 Saans Thamne Lagi

Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

SajnaKya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Suraj Hua Maddham

Chaand Jalne Laga

Aasmaan Yeh Haai

Kyoon Pighalne Laga

Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai



How can Moon burn? How can Sky melt? How can Land walk? It is impossible but writer used metaphoric language. In this song we can find feelings of lovers to each other. Writer try to show lover's feelings through metaphors.
Lovers feel that in love, all things are not as it is but all things are changed. And they can find that all things are beautiful in love. They can also feel that their dreams are changed in reality. They have also a question in their mind that, is their relationship since before long long ago? They want to meet in all born. 
Beloved tells that she follows her lover. She lost her self behind her lover. 

 How can sea thrust? How can night awake? 

 Here, writer used personification very well. And also asked many questions in this song.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Online discussion on Oneness of literature

Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from the Latin word literature meaning "writing formed with letters", literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction and in some instances, journalism and song.       Literature is like a flowing river. It has many way to flow but its root is one. Hence, as per many theorist like T. S. Eliot, Northrop Fry etc, that the structure of literature are somewhat connected with each other like similar in symbols, signs, structure, etc. Northrop Fry in his theory of Archetypal criticism based on the whole idea that whole of literature has oneness of its existence. All literature shares common DNA or Skeleton. While, T. S. Eliot said in his translation and individual talent that past is very important for new because any kind of literature bring the basic structure from the past work of art. Hence, he said that poet should know ...
Post a Comment
Read more

A Grain of Wheat and Robinson Crusoe

Introduction:- Colonization is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. Colonization refers strictly to migration. For example, to settler colonies in America or Australia, trading posts, and plantations, while colonialism to the existing indigenious peoples of styled new territories. A Grain Of Wheat A Grain of wheat is a novel by Kenyan novelist James Ngugi first published as part of the influential Heinmann African Writers Series. It was written while he was studying at Leeds University and first published in 1967 by Heinmann.  The title is taken from the Gospel According to St. John. The novel weaves together several stories set during the state of emergency in Kenya’s struggle for independence , focusing on the quite Mugo, whose life is ruled by a dark secret. The plot revolves around his home village’s preparation for Kenya’s independence day celebration, Uhuru day. On that day, former resistance f...
Post a Comment
Read more

Julian Barnes Sense of an Ending

Julian Barnes : The Sense of an Ending Julian Barnes is the author of several books of stories , essays,   a translation of Alphonse Daudet’s In the Land of Pain, and numerous novels, including the 2011 Man Booker Prize winning novel The Sense of an Ending and the acclaimed The Noise of Time. His other recent publications include keeping an Eye Open: Essays on Art and The Only Story. His most recent book The Man in the Red coat was published in the UK in 2019 and in the 2020. 1.       What is the meaning of phrase ‘Blood Money’ in Veronica’s reply email? This phrase came into the second part. Veronica’s mother died five years ago and has puzzling left him 500 pound and two documents, one of which is a letter apologizing to him for the way the family treated him on his visit all those years ago, and confirming that Adrian was happy in his final months. The other, it will turn out, is Adrain’s diary, now however, the lawyer tells hi...
Post a Comment
Read more