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Figurative Language I. A. Richard



I . A. Richard

Ivor Armstrong Richard, known as I. A. Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician whose work contributed to the foundations of the New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory, which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self contained, self-referential aesthetic object.
Richard's intellectual contributions to the establishments of the literary methodology of the New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism, by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism , practical criticism and The Philosophy of Rhetoric.

four kinds of meaning

  1. Sense is what is said, or the 'items' referred to by a writer.
  2. Feeling refers to emotions, emotional attitudes, will, desire, pleasure, displeasure and the rest. When we say something we have a feeling about it, "an attitude towards it, some special direction, bias or accentuation of interest towards it, some personal flavour or coloring of feelings, these nuances of interest.
  3.  Tone is the writer’s attitude to his readers or audience. The use of language is determined by the writer’s ‘recognition’ of his relation to his readers.
  4. Intention is the writer’s aim, which may be conscious or unconscious. It refers to the effect that he tries to produce. This purpose modifies the expression. It controls the emphasis, shapes the arrangement, or draws attention to something of importance.



Suraj Hua MaddhamSonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik,

 ...Suraj Hua Maddham, Chaand Jalne Laga

Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga...

Suraj Hua Maddham, 

Chaand Jalne Laga

Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga...

Main Thehra Raha,

 Zameen Chalne Lagi

Dhadka Yeh Dil, 

Saans Thamne Lagi

Oh, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Ho Oh Oh, Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh,

 Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa

Suraj Hua Maddham,

 Chaand Jalne Laga

Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga

Main Thehri Rahi,

 Zameen Chalne Lagi

Dhadka Yeh Dil, 

Saans Thamne Lagi

Haan, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Hai Khoobsurat Yeh Pal, 

Sab Kuch Raha Hai Badal

Sapne Haqeeqat Mein Jo Dhal Rahe Hai

Kya Sadiyon Se Puraana 

Hai Rishtaa Yeh Hamaara

Ke Jis Tarha Tumse 

Hum Mil Rahe HaiYunhi 

Rahe Har Dam Pyaar Ka Mausam

Yunhi Milo Humse Tum Janam 

JanamMain Thehra Raha, 

Zameen Chalne Lagi

La La La, La La La, La La La

Dhadka Yeh Dil, 

Saans Thamne Lagi

Haan, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Tere Hi Rang Se 

Yun Main To Rangeen Hoon SanamPaake Tujhe Khud Se Hi Kho Rahi Hoon Sanam

O Maahiya, Ve Tere Ishq MeinHaan Doobke Paar Main Ho Rahi Hoon

 SanamSaagar Hua Pyaasa, 

Raat Jagne Lagi

Sholo Ke Dil Mein Bhi Aag Jalne Lagi

Main Thehri Lagi, 

Zameen Chalne Lagi

Dhadka Yeh Dil,

 Saans Thamne Lagi

Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

SajnaKya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai

Suraj Hua Maddham

Chaand Jalne Laga

Aasmaan Yeh Haai

Kyoon Pighalne Laga

Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai



How can Moon burn? How can Sky melt? How can Land walk? It is impossible but writer used metaphoric language. In this song we can find feelings of lovers to each other. Writer try to show lover's feelings through metaphors.
Lovers feel that in love, all things are not as it is but all things are changed. And they can find that all things are beautiful in love. They can also feel that their dreams are changed in reality. They have also a question in their mind that, is their relationship since before long long ago? They want to meet in all born. 
Beloved tells that she follows her lover. She lost her self behind her lover. 

 How can sea thrust? How can night awake? 

 Here, writer used personification very well. And also asked many questions in this song.

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